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Mapping the Future Expansion of Wine Regions Worldwide

Mapping the Future Expansion of Wine Regions Worldwide beer, Cider, climate change, Markets, Spirits, wine Food and Beverage Business

The future of wine production is facing significant challenges due to climate change. While some regions like coastal Europe and California are at risk of losing their ability to produce wine economically, other areas like British Columbia in Canada and Washington State are poised to become more prominent players in the industry. According to researchers from various French scientific institutions, including INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, and Université de Bourgogne, the map of wine production is set to undergo major transformations in the coming years.

Current wine-growing regions are predominantly situated at mid-latitudes, where the climate allows for grape ripening without excessive heat and with minimal risk of disease. However, changes are already evident, with harvests starting earlier than they did four decades ago. This shift in climate is affecting grape quality and wine styles. In fact, historical data from France dating back to 1354 shows the accelerated warming trend in wine-producing regions.

The suitability of traditional wine regions is expected to change significantly in the 21st century, with coastal and lowland regions facing the highest risk of disappearing due to drought and heatwaves. However, warmer temperatures may open up opportunities for other regions like the UK, Washington State, Oregon, Tasmania, and northern France. The researchers evaluated different warming scenarios and identified the potential impact on global wine regions.

North America, especially California, which currently accounts for 10% of global wine production, is projected to face challenges with declining suitable areas for wine production. In contrast, regions like British Columbia and Washington State could see an increase in premium wine production due to a shift to warmer climates. However, exceeding a 2°C temperature increase could lead to a decline in wine quality and economic sustainability in California.

In Europe, traditional wine regions in Spain, France, Italy, and Germany could experience significant changes with a rise in global temperatures. Mediterranean regions might become unsuitable for wine production, necessitating a shift to higher altitudes. The Atlantic regions could see new emerging wine regions, offering opportunities for expansion. Overall, the surface area of traditional wine-producing regions is projected to decline, while new regions may emerge in certain areas.

Adapting to these changes will be crucial for the wine industry. Growers can consider adjusting plant material, training systems, and vineyard management to mitigate the impact of shifting weather patterns. The quality of wine is highly influenced by temperature during grape ripening, affecting taste, aroma, and overall quality. Embracing sustainability in creating new wine regions is essential to preserve natural habitats and ensure responsible land use. As the industry navigates these challenges, staying informed about climate change impacts and adaptive measures will be key to sustaining wine production in the future.

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