Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a laboratory technique that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. The cost and speed of this technique became practical in the early 2000s due to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies. In 2018, The EU 1 Million Genomes Project was launched with the aim of creating a shared data platform of one million sequenced human genomes. WGS has revolutionized food safety by enabling manufacturers to accurately trace the introduction and transmission chains of pathogens and spoilage organisms in food production.
WGS can detect outbreaks of foodborne illness by comparing the genomes of pathogens isolated from different individuals who have become ill. It can also monitor the microbiome of food production facilities, identifying potential sources of contamination and helping manufacturers take proactive steps to prevent the spread of harmful organisms. Furthermore, breakthrough research into the workings of gut bacteria has enabled the development of patented microbiome self-test kits by companies such as myota. This technology offers insight into the unique composition and health of gut bacteria, providing a roadmap towards improved gut health.
In a saturated functional foods market, products underpinned by biotechnology are differentiated by their fully evidenced health improvement claims. As consumers become increasingly tired of ‘health-washing’ in product marketing, the time is ripe for products developed using insights from genome sequencing to take center stage. Manufacturers can use WGS to develop and manufacture foods with particular flavors or powerful health benefits by identifying and characterizing microorganisms that produce beneficial compounds. This knowledge can be used to create food products and supplement formulas tailored to specific nutritional requirements or health issues. As we learn more about the relationship between diet, wellness, longevity, and chronic disease, the evidence for many of these products will become even more compelling to consumers and manufacturers.
