The popularity of ultra-processed food (UPF) is a concern among nutrition researchers, who have linked its consumption to various health risks, including cancer and dementia, as well as increased mortality rates. However, some nutritionists and food engineers argue that UPFs offer benefits for human and planetary health, such as providing safe, nutritious, and environmentally sustainable food for the mass market. They point to the fact that food processing has been a part of human history for over two million years, and that it is essential to ensuring the availability of nutrients and energy. Food processing also plays a crucial role in food safety, limits food waste, and can reduce a product’s impact on the environment. Despite the benefits of food processing, experts are cautious about using the NOVA food classification system, which groups UPFs together and can be misleading. Instead, they suggest that the benefits of UPFs can only be determined through further research and life cycle assessments.

