Researchers from the University of Oxford have conducted a study published in the Nature Food journal, analyzing the environmental impact of different diets. By examining data from over 55,000 people and information from over 38,000 farms in 119 countries, the scientists compared the environmental effects of vegans, vegetarians, fish-eaters, and meat-eaters. The results indicated that reducing the consumption of animal-based foods can significantly reduce the environmental impact of our diets. For example, vegans had approximately 25% of the greenhouse gas emissions and land use impact, 46% of the water use, 27% of eutrophication, and 34% of the impact on biodiversity compared to high meat-eaters.
The plant-based sector is expected to reach a retail market value of €5.8 billion in 2022 and is forecasted to reach €7.5 billion by 2025, according to Good Food Institute’s retail market insights. These findings, along with the growing evidence, have led global food manufacturers to explore new opportunities in novel product development within the plant-based sector.
The University of Oxford study revealed significant differences between low and high meat-eaters for most of the environmental indicators studied, highlighting a clear relationship between animal-based food consumption and environmental impact. The researchers suggest that these findings should encourage a reduction in animal food consumption, especially as the global population continues to grow. Sanjay Sethi, Executive Director of Plant Based Foods Industry Association (PBFIA), emphasizes that plant-based foods, particularly plant-based meats, have the potential to feed more people with fewer negative effects on the planet, animals, and humans, while still delivering on taste and functionality.
Producing plant-based foods requires less land, water, and carbon-intensive processes, and contributes less to ocean acidification and biodiversity loss. Rachel Dreskin, CEO of Plant Based Foods Association (PBFA), explains that addressing the alarming realities of climate change and environmental degradation requires a shift towards plant-based diets. By reducing the number of animals raised for food, plant-based foods offer a viable solution.
Consumer awareness about the environmental benefits of plant-based foods is increasing, with a third of shoppers who increased their spending on plant-based foods motivated by environmental reasons. Consumers are also becoming more aware of the health benefits of reducing meat consumption and are interested in adopting a flexitarian diet.
The sensory experience of consuming plant-based meat is crucial in attracting consumers. Market alternatives must deliver the expected taste, flavor profile, and texture to encourage the consumption of plant-based foods. Plant-based meats that closely resemble animal-based foods tend to be higher in fiber, lower in saturated fat, cholesterol-free, and produced without antibiotics or hormones.
However, there is still room for growth and improvement in the plant-based meat sector, particularly in flavors, appearance, and consumer approach. The plant-based meat category is expanding to offer a variety of options, from plant-based chicken types to seafood alternatives. Manufacturers are focusing on clean-label options, utilizing extrusion and blending techniques to replicate meat’s fibrous, chewy attributes.
Plant-based meat companies are also incorporating advanced technologies such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to enhance food production, marketing, and personalization. Natural ingredients and avoiding artificial additives are prioritized to resonate with health-conscious consumers seeking transparency.
Producers are working with existing ingredients like pea, soy, and rice protein, as well as exploring other plant protein sources such as algae, faba bean, lupine, and mushrooms. The goal is to offer a diversified and inclusive range of options based on sustainability and health requirements.
To ensure the smooth development of the plant-based industry, a supportive legislative framework and continued public and private funding support are essential. Silvia Alunni, Policy Officer of UK-based Plant-based Food Alliance, highlights the importance of creating favorable conditions for the industry to overcome current regulatory and market hurdles.
In conclusion, the study from the University of Oxford emphasizes the environmental benefits of reducing animal-based food consumption and highlights the potential of plant-based foods, particularly plant-based meats, to provide sustainable solutions for feeding a growing global population. With increasing consumer awareness and advancements in technology and innovation, the plant-based sector is poised for significant growth and development.